Direct speech and Indirect speech

Direct speech and Indirect speech

1. Direct Speech
does he really mean it We can give the exact words (more or less) that were said, or that we imagine were thought. This kind of structure is called ‘direct speech”.
Example:
So he said,” I wnt to go home,” and just walked out,”
Did she say,” What do you want?”
And then I thought,” Well,?”

2. Indirect Speech
We can make a speaker”s words or thought part our own sentence, using conjunctions ( that), and changing pronouns, tenses nad other words where necessary. This kind of structure is called “ Indirect’ or “ reported speech”.
Example:
So he said that he wanted to go home, and just walked out.
Did she just ask what I wanted?
And then I wondered whether he really mean it.

Word that are spoken or thought in one place by one person may be reported in another place at a different time, and perhaps by another person. Because of this, there are often grammatical differences between direct and idirect speech. These changes are mostly natural and logical, and it is necessary to learn complicated rules about indirect speech in English.
Bill ( on Saturday evening ): I don’t like this party, I want to go home now.
Peter ( On Sunday morning): Bill said that he didn’t like the party, and he wanted to go home right away.

Lets pay attention to the following explanation in short.

A. Change in tense
Direct Speech
Simple present
Present continuous
Present perfect
Present perfect continuous
Simple past
Past continuous
Future
Present Indirect Speech
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect continuous
Past
Past

B. Changes in Time

Direct Indirect
Today
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Next Week
Last Week
Now On the day
The next day
The previous day/ the day before
The following week/ the next week
The previous week/ The week before
Then


C. Changes In Place

Direct Indirect
Here
In this room There/ at that place
In that room

Market


The market is a meeting place for buyers and sellers who conduct transactions with the exchange of goods or services using the medium of exchange in money or by barter.
Market forms

A. Perfect Competition Market
Is a market with many sellers and buyers so the price could not be established himself, both by the seller or buyer. So the market price formation is really a reflection of the strength or the desire among producers and consumers.

The characteristics of perfect competition:
1. There are many sellers and buyers.
2. Goods and services traded is homogeneous.
3. Buyers and sellers of market knowledge is perfect.
4. Buyers and sellers free to leave or enter the market.
5th. There is no government interference.

B. Market Monopoly
Market monopoly is a form of market there is only one seller only. In the form of this market until there is only one seller, so there is practically no competitors or monopolists freely sellers dominate the market.

The characteristics of a monopoly market:
1. There is only one seller.
2. There were no barangpengganti close.
3. The seller is free to determine prices of goods.
4. The existence of market entry barriers.
5th. Lack of promotion or advertising.

C. Oligopoly Markets
Oligopoly market is a form of which there are few sellers market where one or several sellers acting as the owner of the largest market share (price leader).

Characteristics of oligopoly market :
1. There are some sellers in the market
2. Different shades of goods sold.
3. Ad campaigns continuously.
4. Pricing power is not stable.
5th. That there are opportunities for new firms to enter the market.

D. Monopolistic Competition Market
Monopolistic market is a market form that there are many companies that sell goods or commodities that almost similar but not identical, because different complexion.

The characteristics of monopolistic competition market :
1. There are many sellers
2. Goods are different complexion.
3. Have influenced the price of power.
4. Easy in and out of the market.
5th. Ad campaign is very active.